
Chile’s Struggles for International Status and Domestic Legitimacy
Standing at the Liberal Order’s Edge
Cristóbal Bywaters
Routledge
New International Relations Series
© 2026
Available in:
Hardcover
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This study of Chile’s upward trajectory from the 1973 military coup to its accession to the OECD in 2010 shows how foreign policy elites utilise international status to build legitimacy, consolidate power, and shape collective agency in the world… [Learn more]
★ ★ ★
2025 Claudia Castañeda Prize for the Best Published Book.
Chilean Political Science Association (ACCP)
2024 Shirin M. Rai Prize for the Best Dissertation in the Field of International Relations.
Political Studies Association, UK
“This book is an essential foreign policy read.»
Arlene B. Tickner
independent scholar
“A compelling and innovative account of how international status and domestic legitimacy intertwine. Bywaters offers International Relations scholars a powerful new take on status narratives in world politics – richly researched, elegantly argued, and a major contribution to both Chilean foreign policy studies and the broader field.”
Professor Benjamin de Carvalho
Norwegian Institute of International Affairs, Norway.
“This book masterfully traces Chile’s international projection from dictatorship to democracy through the lens of status. Drawing on rich historiographic and politological documentary sources, Bywaters reveals how foreign policy became a battleground for international prestige—an underexplored dimension until now. A vital contribution to understanding Chile’s modern history and shifting global role.”
Professor César Ross
National History Award 2024, University of Santiago, Chile
About
I am an Assistant Professor at the University of Chile’s Institute of International Studies (IEI-UChile), where I conduct research and teach International Relations, Foreign Policy Analysis, and Chile’s foreign affairs. Since July 2025, I have been Head of the University of Chile’s Bachelor’s Program in International Studies.
I co-run the Chilean Foreign Policy Study Group with students from the Institute, creating a collaborative space to explore, share, and critically discuss academic research on Chile’s international relations.
I hold a PhD in Politics and International Studies (University of Warwick) and an MSc in International Relations (London School of Economics and Political Science).
In March 2024, I was awarded the Shirin M Rai Prize for the best doctoral thesis in International Relations in the United Kingdom.
My research interests include status hierarchies in world politics (especially Global South small states), the relationship between the state, society, and elites in the realm of foreign policy, Latin American foreign policies, U.S.-Latin American relations, and theories of International Relations.
From a theoretical standpoint, I am interested in ideational approaches to International Relations theory and Foreign Policy Analysis, with focus on the connection between the international and domestic levels, international status, and foreign policy narratives.
My policy experience includes serving as a special advisor at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Chile (2023-2025) and as a member of that institution’s Foreign Policy Council (current). I previously worked as an analyst at Chile’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs (2015-2016) and Ministry of Defence (2017-2018). Also, between May and December 2022, I served as Executive Director of Nueva Política Exterior. Until July 2023, I was a Board Member of the same think tank.
See my Publications.
Academic Degrees
- PhD Politics and International Studies. The University of Warwick (2019-2023). Supervisors: Tom Long and Christopher Browning. Thesis approved witthout corrections.
- MSc International Relations (Research). The London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE) (2017).
- BA Political Science and International Relations. Alberto Hurtado University (2013).
Prizes and Research Grants

In December 2025, I was awarded the Claudia Castañeda Prize for the Best Published Book by Chile’s Political Science Association (ACCP). Book awarded: Chile’s Struggles for International Status and Domestic Legitimacy: Standing at the Liberal Order’s Edge.
In March 2024, I was awarded the Shirin M. Rai Prize for the Best Doctoral Thesis in International Relations by the United Kingdom’s Political Studies Association. I was nominated by the Department of Politics and International Studies at the University of Warwick.
In April 2022, I was awarded the Postgraduate and Post-Doctoral Research Support Grant from the Society for Latin American Studies in the United Kingdom to conduct archival research at the Rockefeller Archive Center, located in New York, United States.
In August 2013, I was awarded the first prize in the 4th Young Researchers Competition of the Faculty of Social Sciences at Alberto Hurtado University. The project, titled «El consenso en torno a la política exterior chilena. una aproximación desde la Teoría Fundamentada» («Chilean Foreign Policy Consensus: An Approach from Grounded Theory») was carried out together with Owana Elizalde and Maximiliano Prieto.
In July 2012, I was awarded the first prize in the Chilean Foreign Policy Essay Competition «Ambassador Jorge Berguño Barnes,» organized by the Association of Career Diplomats (ADICA) and the Institute for Advanced Studies at University of Santiago (IDEA-USACH).
Teaching and higher education administration
Since July 2025, I have been Head of the University of Chile’s Bachelor’s Program in International Studies.
Modules Taught:
- Foreign Policy Analysis (substitute) – University of Chile’s MA International Studies (graduate). 2025
- Chilean Foreign Policy – University of Chile’s MA International Studies (graduate). 2025
- Foreign Policy Analysis – University of Chile’s BA International Studies (undergraduate). 2025
- Thesis Advisor – Institute of International Studies, University of Chile. 2024
- Collaborating Academic – Alberto Hurtado University. Course: «Theory and Practice of Chile’s International Insertion.» 2019
Research experience
International Status
- 2026. Chile’s Struggles for International Status and Domestic Legitimacy: Standing at the Liberal Order’s Edge [Las luchas de Chile por el estatus internacional y la legitimidad interna: en el borde del orden liberal]. Routledge (New International Relations series). 240 pp.
- 2025. Perspectivas teóricas del estudio del estatus en las Relaciones Internacionales [Theoretical Perspectives on the Study of Status in International Relations]. Revista CIDOB d’Afers Internacionals, no. 140, 149-171.
- Domestic Politics, Prestige, and War: The Emergence of Chile’s Democratic Status Narrative [Política doméstica, prestigio y guerra: la emergencia de la narrativa del estatus democrático de Chile]. Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional, vol. 66, no. 1, e006.
Foreign Policy Consensus
- ¿El fin de la ‘política de Estado’? Eficiencia y democracia en el nuevo ciclo de la política exterior (2021).
- 2016-2017: MSc International Relations (Research) dissertation paper. London School of Economics and Political Science.
- 2013-2014: Together with Owana Elizalde and Maximiliano Prieto, within the framework of the Young Researchers Program at Alberto Hurtado University.
Chile and the Invasion of Iraq
- 2014. El «no» de Ricardo Lagos a la invasión de Irak en 2003: el proceso de toma de decisiones de política exterior en Chile [Ricardo Lagos’s ‘No’ to the Invasion of Iraq in 2003: Understanding Chile’s Foreign Policy Decision-Making Process]
- 2015. Chile y la invasión a Irak en 2003 [Chile and the 2023 Invasion of Iraq]
- 2012. La posición de Chile en el debate en torno a la invasión a Irak en el Consejo de Seguridad en 2003: Principios, intereses y objetivos de la política exterior [The Position of Chile in the Debate on the Invasion of Iraq at the UN Security Council in 2003: Foreign Policy Principles, Interests, and Aims] **Awarded the First Prize in the 2012 Jorge Berguño Barnes Essay Competition**
Research Fellowships
During my doctoral studies, I conducted research stays at the following institutions:
- March – April 2023: Institute of International Studies at the University of Chile.
- May 2023: Institute of Advanced Studies at the University of Santiago de Chile.
Research Assistant
- 2013: Regular Project No. 1110820. «A World in Crisis: The Case of Relations between Chile and Japan, 1930-1973». Principal Investigator: Dr. César Ross.
- 2016: FONDECYT Project No. 1140244 «Chile and Japan, 1990-2007: From Strategic Alliance to Free Trade». Principal Investigator: Dr. César Ross.
- 2013-2015: ANILLOS-CONICYT SOC1109 Project. «Transborder Relations between Bolivia and Chile: Paradiplomacy and Social Practices, 1904-2004». Project carried out by the Institute of International Studies (Arturo Prat University) and the University of Santiago de Chile (PhD in American Studies – Institute of Advanced Studies).
Policy
- Foreign Policy Analyst. Strategic Planning Directorate of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Chile) (2015-2016).
- Member of the Foreign Policy Council. Advisory body to the Minister of Foreign Affairs (Chile) (current position).
- Special Advisor. Office of the Minister of Foreign Affairs (Chile) (2024 – 2025).
- Special Advisor. Office of the Undersecretary of Foreign Affairs (Chile) (2023 – 2024).
- Policy Analyst. Plans and Policies Division of the Undersecretary of Defense (Chile) (2017-2018).
Scholarships
- Chile Scholarship for Doctoral Studies Abroad. Awarded by the National Agency for Research and Development (ANID). MPhil/PhD Program in Politics and International Studies, University of Warwick (United Kingdom). 2018 Call.
- Chile Scholarship for Master’s Studies Abroad. Awarded by the National Agency for Research and Development (ANID). MSc International Relations (Research) Program, London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE) (United Kingdom). 2015 Call.
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